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How to connect your integrations to your CRM platform?
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Techbit is the next-gen CRM platform designed for modern sales teams
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Why using the right CRM can make your team close more sales?
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A Comparison of Canada's AHRA Cryostorage Laws to Global Standards
The management of frozen embryos and gametes is a critical, yet complex, challenge in modern fertility care. In Canada, the regulatory landscape is uniquely defined by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA), which has created legal and administrative guidance on how to navigate the challenges associated with being a fertility clinic and cryostorage service provider.
A comparison with other international jurisdictions reveals just how distinct and challenging the Canadian framework is.
Canada: The Challenge of Potential Indefinite Storage
Under the AHRA, Canada has no federal maximum storage duration, effectively authorizing indefinite cryopreservation. This regulatory silence is the primary driver of inventory accumulation. More critically, the Act creates a severe operational hurdle: the Consent Trap.
Section 8 of the AHRA requires explicit, written consent for any use of reproductive material, and this "use" is legally interpreted to include discarding the material. Consequently, if a patient ceases contact or stops paying fees (is "lost to follow-up"), the clinic may not have a well-defined framework on how to deal with the patient's cryopreserved material.
Without a written directive to discard, clinics are obliged to continue storage to avoid the risk of criminal liability under the AHRA or civil lawsuits for destruction of potential life. The material’s legal status can be further complicated in cases of separation or divorce.
The United Kingdom: Statutory Clarity
The UK, governed by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), provides a model of statutory clarity.
- Storage Limit: The UK recently extended its statutory storage limit to 55 years.
- Abandonment Mechanism: This long-term limit is paired with a strict requirement for consent renewal every 10 years. If a patient fails to actively renew consent, the clinic has clear statutory authority to discard the material.
This system protects patient autonomy while providing clinics with a legal mechanism to clear abandoned inventory, a key contrast to the Canadian framework.
The United States: Contractual Ambiguity
In the United States, the ethical guidelines of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) provide a basic framework.
- Storage Limit: Storage duration is typically set by clinic policy, often ranging from 5 to 10 years.
- Abandonment Mechanism: The relationship is viewed as a service agreement. Contracts often stipulate that non-payment for a set period constitutes contractual abandonment, potentially authorizing discard after a "diligent effort" to contact the patient.
Europe: Divergent Models
Other European nations offer varied approaches:
- Spain permits storage for the patient’s reproductive life (up to approximately age 50). Abandoned embryos can be handled through donation or discard.
- Italy, historically restrictive, still lacks clear legislation for the disposition of abandoned embryos, creating a limbo situation similar to Canada’s.
The Path Forward
The international comparison highlights that the legal mechanism for disposition is the core difference. While the UK and US models offer clinics a clear, legally defensible path to resolve abandonment, the AHRA's Consent Trap leaves Canadian clinics perpetually liable.
To modernize, Canadian clinics should advocate for:
- Sunset Clauses in initial consent forms.
- Legislation to Standardize Consent Durability (like the UK’s 10-year renewal).
- Establishing a Statutory Definition of Abandonment (like the ASRM's 5 years of non-contact following diligent effort).
These reforms are necessary to harmonize consent laws, ensure ethical inventory management, and secure the long-term sustainability of the national fertility system.
Disclaimer: The following article represents our interpretation of current Canadian fertility laws and international standards based on available regulatory frameworks. It is intended for informational and discussion purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or a definitive legal ruling.
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